Teachers have access to measures of achievement, but not measures of opportunity.
Measures of opportunity provide useful context for interpreting achievement.
Advantage is a measure of individual-level opportunity.
The Cambridge dictionary defines advantage as "a condition giving greater chance at success."
The Advantage framework is a subset of opportunity. Whereas opportunity implies an element of choice, the Advantage variables are inherited and outside the control of the student.
Additionally, the Advantage framework focuses on variables that apply to every student and are commonly collected in educational settings.
Students' measures of opportunity are the sum of the variables in the Advantage framework. Just as every student has measures of achievement, every student can have a measure of advantage.
I developed the Advantage framework as part of my dissertation at the University of California, Berkeley. I began with a conceptual framework to define educational Advantage, relying heavily on the perspectives of educators, operationalized the model to generate individual-level measures of educational opportunity, and evaluated the Advantage framework using cross-sectional, longitudinal, and state-level data.
The three papers had the following goals:
I provide a brief introduction to the Advantage framework below.
© David Stevens, 2025
© David Stevens, 2024
© David Stevens, 2024
© David Stevens, 2024
© David Stevens, 2024
© David Stevens, 2024
© David Stevens, 2024
© David Stevens, 2024
© David Stevens, 2025
© David Stevens, 2024
© David Stevens, 2024
© David Stevens, 2024
© David Stevens, 2024
© David Stevens, 2024
© David Stevens, 2024
© David Stevens, 2024
© David Stevens, 2025
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